A Continental Perspective", Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone#cite note-Ebola WHO 22 oct-1, "The economic impact of Ebola may kill more people than the virus itself", Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey 2008, "At Long Last, Recruitment Begins at Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation | ICFJ International Center for Journalists", "Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) Maiden Report 2010-2011", "Sierra Leone Editorial criticizing president prompts multiple proceedings", "Sierra Leone editors arrested after publishing article comparing pres", "Editor arrested for comparing Sierra Leone president to a rat | Media", "Sierra Leone editors arrested after publishing article comparing president to a rat", "Sierra Leone intensifies media crackdown News", "Sierra Leone: In Sierra Leone, Journalists Held On Libel, Sedition Charges", "Press Freedoms and Human Rights:2005 Year End Press Freedom Brief", "Media use, and attitudes towards media in Sierra Leone:A comprehensive baseline study", "Cricinfo article Uganda and Sierra Leone Win Through", "Visa Issues End Sierra Leone's World Cup Dream", Key Development Forecasts for Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone 2002 Summary Trade Statistics, Hurrarc Human Rights Respect Awareness Raising Campaigners, Environmental Justice Foundation's report on pirate fishing in Sierra Leone, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Commonwealth Secretariat Member Countries, Comparison of American and British English, List of countries by English-speaking population, List of countries where English is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone&oldid=1134240923, English-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, States and territories established in 1961, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with dead external links from June 2014, Articles with dead external links from July 2021, Articles with dead external links from August 2021, Articles with dead external links from June 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from October 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles with self-published sources from December 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 18:00. Sierra Leone became an independent, sovereign state on 27 April 1961 with Milton Margai as its Prime Minister. Two other commercial TV operators (ABC and AIT) closed after they were not profitable. The Sierra Leone constitution guarantees freedom of speech, and freedom of the press; however, the government maintains strong control of media, and at times restricts these rights in practice. Other figures are estimates from the source cited. [108] There are concerns that heavy logging continues in the Tama-Tonkoli Forest Reserve in the north. [153] In the 1970s and early 1980s, economic growth rate slowed because of a decline in the mining sector and increasing corruption among government officials. The Eastern Province is located on the eastern side of Sierra Leone and borders Guinea and Liberia as well as two other Sierra Leone provinces. Some of these policies by the SLPP and the NRC were said to have left the country in an economically deprived state.[20]. The British annexation of the Protectorate interfered with the sovereignty of indigenous chiefs. The armed forces were formed after independence in 1961, based on elements of the former British Royal West African Frontier Force present in the country. Corporal Gborie quickly went to the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Services headquarters in New England, Freetown to announce the coup to a shocked nation and to alert all soldiers across the country to report for guard duty. Strasser replaced Musa as deputy NPRC chairman with Captain Bio, who was instantly promoted by Strasser to brigadier. [78] Sir Albert Margai took power and sought to make the army homogeneously Mende. A general election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. This polygon shapefile contains the boundary of Sierra Leone (adm0). For more than a century, it was the only European-style university in western Sub-Saharan Africa. Until 2017, there were only three Sierra Leone provinces, and there were previously fewer districts and chiefdoms as well. town in the district of the same name and was the colonial rulers . It appears that she committed suicide at the age of fifty-five, perhaps due to the loss of support from her own people. Sierra Leone is subdivided into four regions which are the Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western Provinces which are further subdivided into 14 districts. Authorities have been slow to implement reforms in the civil service, and the pace of the privatisation programme is also slackening and donors have urged its advancement. [97] By the end of 2014 there were nearly 3000 deaths and about 10,000 cases of the disease in Sierra Leone. The CIA estimated that the average life expectancy in Sierra Leone was 57.39 years. The president appoints and parliament approves Justices for the three courts. He arrived along the West African coast during the rainy season in September 1462. Realizing that he lacked sufficient strength, he resorted to diplomacy. Prior to 2017, the area of the North West Province was included in the Northern Province, and its cumulative area measured 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles). Sierra Leone's two most dominant parties, the APC and the SLPP, collectively won every elected seat in Parliament in the 2012 Sierra Leone parliamentary election. This sort of representation was not available in Nova Scotia. Setting: Twenty-seven peripheral health units, five secondary hospitals and one tertiary hospital, Western Area District, Sierra Leone.Objectives: To describe reporting systems, monthly attendances and facility-based patterns of six non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the pre-Ebola and Ebola virus disease outbreak periods.Design: A cross-sectional study using programme data. There are ten regional airports in Sierra Leone, and one international airport. The Kono are descendants of migrants from Guinea; today their workers are known primarily as diamond miners. agreement & 5 others, Sierra Leone admits to low supply of fuel, Sierra Leone: Audit reveals corrupt practice in defence, agriculture, education, police, Sacked Sierra Leone VP takes case to ECOWAS Court, Sierra Leone detains top football officials, Sierra Leone electoral commission to start boundary delimitation, Sierra Leone Parliament challenges Disaster Bill, Sierra Leone Court Martial, defence rejects president, SANUSI COVID-19 indices update (09/12/20). [71] In 1953, Sierra Leone was granted local ministerial powers and Margai was elected Chief Minister of Sierra Leone. The British administration favoured a policy of indirect rule whereby they relied on slightly reorganized indigenous institutions to implement colonial policies and maintain order. Sierra Leone is a major producer of gem-quality diamonds. Makeni is also the fourth largest city in the country. Bo is located in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone, and the whole urban center is commonly known as Bo Town. Area: 77.1 mile - 124.1 km radius. Stevens held on to this position for 14 years (until 1985) under a one-party system of government facilitated by the controversial 1978 Constitution. The SLPP leadership, led by Sir Milton Margai, negotiated with the British and the educated Krio-dominated colony based in Freetown to achieve independence. In 2001, UN forces moved into rebel-held areas and began to disarm rebel soldiers. The Sierra Leonean-Lebanese community are primarily traders and they mostly live in middle-class households in the urban areas, primarily in Freetown, Bo, Kenema, Koidu Town and Makeni. The current speaker of the Sierra Leone parliament is Abass Bundu, who was elected by members of parliament on 21 January 2014. In the west, Sierra Leone has some 400km (249mi) of Atlantic coastline, giving it both bountiful marine resources and attractive tourist potential. [221] The establishment of the Coalition was concurrent with the declaration by the 72nd World Health Assembly that emergency care systems are essential to universal health coverage. Like the Fula, the Mandinka are virtually all Muslims at over 99. It is listed among countries of concern for emissions, as having Low Forest Cover with High Rates of Deforestation (LFHD). In the late 18th century, many African Americans claimed the protection of the British Crown. 49,839; Regent Urban Area: pop. [71] The new constitution ensured Sierra Leone had a parliamentary system within the Commonwealth of Nations. Koroma suspended the constitution, banned demonstrations, shut down all private radio stations in the country and invited the RUF to join the new junta government, with its leader Foday Sankoh as the Vice-Chairman of the new AFRC-RUF coalition junta government. [203] The Jehovahs Witnesses[204] and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints[205][206] are the two most prominent non-Trinitarian Christians in Sierra Leone, and they form a small but significant minority of the Christian population in Sierra Leone. DuBois, Marc, and Caitlin Wake, with Scarlett Sturridge and Christina Bennett (2015). The African country of Sierra Leone is divided into five major areas. In March 1976, Stevens was elected without opposition for a second five-year term as president. The incident brought religious tension in Sierra Leone, in a country known for its high level of religious tolerance, as many Sierra Leonean Muslims at home and abroad called for Ajisafe to be deported back to his home country of Nigeria. [104][105], Sierra Leone is home to four terrestrial ecoregions: Guinean montane forests, Western Guinean lowland forests, Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, and Guinean mangroves. 267,827. [210] Males, on the other hand, presented higher levels of anxiety and hostility. The northern section of this has been categorised by the World Wildlife Fund as part of the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic ecoregion, while the south is rain-forested plains and farmland. Sierra Leone has a population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities that subdivide the country. The monopoly was scheduled to last 98 years. [155], As of 2016, about 12% of the population of Sierra Leone had access to electricity. President Momoh appointed his former military colleague and key ally, Major General Mohamed Tarawalie to succeed him as the head of the Sierra Leone Military. [106], Human activities claimed to be responsible or contributing to land degradation in Sierra Leone include unsustainable agricultural land use, poor soil and water management practices, deforestation, removal of natural vegetation, fuelwood consumption and to a lesser extent overgrazing and urbanisation. [226], In the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted by UNICEF in 2012, the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone was 94%. [158] There have been strong pushes for both solar and hydropower to become the dominant sources of energy in Sierra Leone because of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, particularly goal number seven (affordable and clean energy). Riots in 1955 and 1956 involved "tens of thousands" of Sierra Leoneans in the Protectorate.[67]. [157] The use of coal and firewood has also posed environmental concerns as they are both in conflict with the push for more sustainable sources of energy. In August 2017, one new province (Northwestern), two new districts (Falaba and Karene) and. [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. The Inter-Religious Council of Sierra Leone estimated that 77% of Sierra Leone's population are Muslims, 21% are Christians, and 2% are followers of traditional African religion. When the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was abolished in 1806, the freed slaves from Britain and the Americas were repatriated to the capital which was named Freetown. The reasons for the significant differences between the 2015 and 2021 figures are unclear. Soon after Albert Margai was sworn in as Prime Minister, he fired several senior government officials who had served in his elder brother Sir Milton's government, viewing them as a threat to his administration, including Karefa-Smart. Mining of diamonds in the east and other minerals expanded, drawing labourers there from other parts of the country. On 29 April 1992, a group of young soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army, led by seven army officersLieutenant Sahr Sandy, Captain Valentine Strasser, Lieutenant Solomon "SAJ" Musa, Captain Komba Mondeh, Lieutenant Tom Nyuma, Captain Julius Maada Bio and Captain Komba Kambo[89]staged a military coup that sent president Momoh into exile in Guinea, and the young soldiers established the National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC), with 25-year-old Captain Valentine Strasser as its chairman and Head of State of the country. [235], The water supply in Sierra Leone is characterised by limited access to safe drinking water. [248][249][250][251][252][253] Some subjects are seen as taboo by society and members of the political elite; imprisonment and violence have been used by the political establishment against journalists. Although the sector was seriously affected during the Civil War, there has been a steady improvement in recent years. Within the confines of the 1991 Constitution, supreme legislative powers are vested in Parliament, which is the law-making body of the nation. Men continue to be the lesser population with a total of three million seven hundred and twenty-seven thousand, seven hundred and forty-seven (3,727,747), comprising 49.4% of the total population. The ratio of men and women in Koinadugu District, Sierra Leone. But at the equivalent tournament in 2006, Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League, it finished as runner-up to Mozambique, and just missed promotion to Division Two. Located in the Northern Province is Makeni city which is the capital of Bombali district and the largest city and economic center in the Province. Rich in minerals, Sierra Leone has relied on mining, especially diamonds, for its economic base. Surveys of the religious make up of Sierra Leone vary widely, though Muslims make up the majority of the population. The Hidden Discrimination Against American Roma, The 10 Largest Football Stadiums in the World (Soccer). The overwhelming majority of Sierra Leonean Muslims, are adherent to the Sunni tradition of Islam in practice. As a result, Albert Margai became unpopular in the Creole community, many of whom had supported Sir Milton. The British Crown reorganised the Sierra Leone Company as the African Institution; it was directed to improve the local economy. Each of the country's 14 districts is represented in parliament. In 1808, Sierra Leone became a British crown colony, ruled under a colonial governor. The first of these goals is to provide solar power to at least 50,000 homes in 2016, the second is 250,000 homes by 2017, and finally to provide power to 1,000,000 people by 2020. Despite efforts by the government and numerous non-governmental organisations, access has not much improved since the end of the Sierra Leone Civil War in 2002, stagnating at about 50% and even declining in rural areas. Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. [20] Much trust was placed upon him as he championed multi-party politics. Problems experienced with access to the Internet include an intermittent electricity supply and a slow connection speed in the country outside Freetown. Falaba District Falaba District is a district in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. The British later captured Nyagua, and he was also exiled to the Gold Coast. Sierra Leone's capital Freetown is located in the Western Area of the country and its makes up the Western Area Urban District. Slave owner Edward Long criticized marriage between black men and white women. The airport has paved runways longer than 3,047 metres (9,997 feet). Nwauwa, Apollos O. The small but significant Krio people (descendants of freed African American, West Indian and Liberated African slaves who settled in Freetown between 1787 and about 1885) make up about 3% of the population. Found inside - Page 93The Kissi are one of the oldest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, . [209], Children who have been forced to be part of a war have experienced severe mental and emotional damage in Sierra Leone. Over the next decade, much of the formal economy was destroyed in the country's civil war. Karefa-Smart led a prominent small minority faction within the SLPP party in opposition of Albert Margai as Prime Minister. It is primarily designed to implement development projects and promote regional economic integration between the four countries.[120]. This would imply that the identity of the person who named Sierra Leone is unknown. The current president is Julius Maada Bio. "Gbendembu" had a larger population of 12,139 in that census. [255] As of 2013[update] Sierra Leone is ranked 61st (up two slots from 63rd in 2012) out of 179 countries on Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index. For her loyalty, she was awarded a silver medal by Queen Victoria. Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. The area is a peninsula and contains Freetown, the capital city of the country. A brief coup in 1997 led by Sierra Leone Army major Johnny Paul Koroma ousted Kabbah, who went into exile in Guinea. The Sierra Leone national football team, popularly known as the Leone Stars, represents the country in international competitions. Many Sierra Leonean youth follow the local football league. They continue to be influential in the civil service. Sierra Leone,[note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. Some of those executed include Colonel Kahota Dumbuya, Major Yayah Kanu and Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura. Following the 1995 National Consultative Conference at the Bintumani Hotel in Freetown, dubbed "Bintumani I", which was a Strasser-led initiative, another National Consultative Conference at the same Bintumani Hotel in Freetown, dubbed "Bintumani II", was initiated by the Bio administration that involved both national and international stakeholders, in an effort to find a viable solution to the issues plaguing the country. They founded Birchtown, but faced harsh northern winters and racial discrimination from nearby Shelburne. [51], The Sierra Leone Company, controlled by London investors, refused to allow the settlers to take freehold of the land. [148] Agriculture accounted for 58 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. The amount of illegal fishing has significantly depleted fish stocks, depriving local fishing communities of an important resource for survival. However, Karefa-Smart failed to receive broad support within the SLPP in his attempt to oust Albert Margai as both the leader of the SLPP and Prime Minister. [72][73], On the conclusion of talks in London on 4 May 1960, the United Kingdom agreed to grant Sierra Leone independence on 27 April 1961. [157] A 2012 study was done on the correlation between Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and burning biomass fuels in the home. [79] With the lack of technology, mostly in all Sierra Leone, it is hard to help a business to function. There are a number of cultural attractions in Freetown, such as the Sierra Leone National Museum and various historical landmarks related to the founding of the city. Minister responsible for Religious Affairs* Cocorioko", "United Methodists elect bishop for Sierra Leone", "Methodist Church Sierra Leone World Council of Churches", "Crosspoint United Methodist Church Welcome Sierra Leone", "The History of the Evangelical Fellowship of Sierra Leone", "The Evangelical College of Theology Sierra Leone", "Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Sierra Leone Presbytery Organization [WO-486]", "Sierra Leone::: A Place to Belong, Not Just Attend", "Seventh-day Adventist Church, Sierra Leone HOME", "Sierra Leone Evangelical Lutheran Church in America", "Sierra Leone Christians Preparing for PilgrFile: Sierra Leone News", "Sierra Leone: in wake of brutal war, churches full: News Headlines", "Visitors & Tours: Jehovahs Witnesses Office in Sierra Leone", "Sierra Leone LDS Statistics and Church Facts | Total Church Membership", "Historic milestone: Sierra Leone stake marks LDS Church's 3,000th", "Troubled Orthodox Mission in Sierra Leone", "Sierra Leone: The Temnes and the Politics of the All Peoples' Congress (APC)", "Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census Thematic Report on Gender", "Sierra Leone's Child Soldiers: War Exposures and Mental Health Problems by Gender", "Human Development Report 2009 Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in countries with high levels of human development (%)", "CIA The World Factbook Life Expectancy", "2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic", "Envoys from five countries present credentials to president", "The Ebola response in West Africa: Exposing the politics and culture of international aid", "Makeni: Coalition of First Responders formed", "World Health Assembly Update, 25 May 2019", "Sierra Leone's road accident First Responder Coalition to save thousands of lives", "The Primary Health Care Hand Book Policing", Country Comparison: Maternal Mortality Rate, Country Comparison:: Infant Mortality Rate, "A woman covered in urine taught this Sydney mum a lesson about dignity", "Freedom From Fistula | obstetric fistula caused by obstructed childbirth", "Fistula camp helps women and girls in Sierra Leone regain their dignity", Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, "Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources, Sierra Leone", "China Lends $28.8 Million USD to Sierra Leone for Orugu Dam", "Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 14 districts. A strong free journalistic tradition developed with the creation of several newspapers. Led by Colonel Montague James, the Maroons helped the colonial forces to put down the revolt, and in the process the Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone secured the best houses and farms. Its capital, Falaba, was on the rich trading routes leading to the coast. Originally named Serra Leoa (Portuguese for 'lioness mountains') by Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra in 1462, the modern name is derived from the Italian spelling, which was introduced by Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto and subsequently copied by other European mapmakers. The provincial districts are divided into 186 chiefdoms, which have traditionally been led by paramount chiefs, recognised by the British administration in 1896 at the time of organising the Protectorate of Sierra Leone. Bambay Kamara was also a strong Momoh loyalist and supporter. The British fired first; the northern front of mainly Temne people was led by Bai Bureh. There are a few internationally linked automated teller machines that accept Visa cards in Freetown operated by ProCredit Bank. These Liberated Africans or recaptives were sold for $20 a head as apprentices to the white settlers, Nova Scotian Settlers, and the Jamaican Maroons. The Mende predominate in South-Eastern Sierra Leone (with the exception of Kono District). Different European nations started using Sierra Leone as a trading point for slaves brought to the coast by African traders from interior areas undergoing wars and conflicts over territory. According to a 2020 estimates by the Pew Research Center[175] 78.5% of Sierra Leone's population are Muslims (mostly Sunni), 20.4% are Christians (mostly Protestants) and 1.1% belong to a traditional African religion or other beliefs. ITV and SATCON are currently operational. In 2009, the Sierra Leone Under-19 team finished second in the African Under-19 Championship in Zambia, thus qualifying for the Under-19 World Cup qualifying tournament with nine other teams. This environment protected its people from conquest by the Mandinka and other African empires,[30][31] and limited the influence of the Mali Empire.
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