Ranging in age from 26 (Edward Rutledge) to 70 (Benjamin Franklin), they were for the most part materially well-off in colonial society. John Adams Signer of the Declaration of Independence 2nd President of the United States of America An 19th century biography of this signer of the Declaration of Independence, including a handwriting sample, illustration, and student publishing opportunities John Witherspoons American Revolution. His wife was poet Annis Boudinot Stockton, sister of New Jersey statesman Elias Boudinot. One of her poems about General Washington, on the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, shows how highly Washington esteemed these complimentary writings by the letter he wrote Annis. In 1987, the LDS Reference Unit at the Family History Library, in Salt Lake City, compiled the "Founding Fathers Project." Elias Boudinot is responsible for our Thanksgiving Holiday, he proposed in 1789 in the United States House of Representatives, a resolution that we officially celebrate a day of public thanksgiving. John Witherspoon died near Princeton, New Jersey, on NOVEMBER 15 . 1898, Page 18Corner, George W. The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush. "Give me the cannon," Nelson shouted. When Parliament resolved to raise revenue in the colonies in 1775, Stockton declared the colonies "must each of them send one or two of their most ingenious fellows, and enable them to get into the House of Commons, maintain them there till they can maintain themselves, or else we shall be fleeced to some purpose." by John C. Glynn, Jr. and Kathryn Glynn, 2008, Sources:American Archives. His wife, Elizabeth, with whom he had ten children, wanted to stay in Scotland, but he finally was able to convince her to come with him. Following the war, Witherspoon devoted his life to rebuilding the College. John Witherspoon is a DAR Patriot Ancestor. During his two pastorates he wrote three well-known works on theology, notably the satire "Ecclesiastical Characteristics" (1753) opposing the philosophical influence of Francis Hutcheson. Witherspoon worked with fellow Presbyterians and Congregationalists to ensure that the Anglican Church did not become the established church of the new nation as it had been in some of the states, but he believed that members of the clergy had the same right to participate in politics as others did. Accounts indicate that, despite clear instruction, Justice Stockton wished to hear the arguments on either side of the issue. They were moral men, and all men of integrity who had been welded together in a common purpose. Plaque on Edinburgh University School of Divinity, Biographical sketches of distinguished Jerseymen (1845), President Witherspoon in the American Revolution (July 1, 1896), The Works of the Rev. He made a profound impression on his student James Madison, whose suggestions for the United States Constitution followed both Witherspoon's and Hume's ideas. There was no place to acquire these items and unfortunately no money to purchase them with if they were to be found. John is first cousin to Rev. He attended the Haddington Grammar School, and obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Edinburgh in 1739. Witherspoon accepted the impossibility of maintaining public morality or virtue in the citizenry without an effective religion. He was in his home surrounded by family, and died on Tuesday, May 11th 1779, at the age 66. The other New York signer, Lewis Morris, lost his magnificent estate, "Morrisania", which was sacked and burned. The Witherspoon Institute is an independent research center that works to enhance public understanding of the moral foundations of free and democratic societies. 1972Sanderson, John, Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. He opposed slavery, advocated free public schools, and sought improved education for women and a more enlightened penal system. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. After resting and preparing for battle the troops left on the 24th. Leave a message for others who see this profile. A merchant ship, the SS John Witherspoon, saw service during World War II as part of convoy PQ-17, and was sunk by a German U-boat in the North Atlantic on 6 July 1942. Francis Lewis was away when the British ransacked his home, so they seized his wife, treated her brutally, and threw her into prison under foul conditions. Since that period, he hath represented New-Jersey in the congress of the United States. Witherspoon immediately declared "It is not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." Witherspoon became the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. The ancestors of Richard "The Emigrant" Stockton are not known. Presidents of Princeton University. Richard Stockton was born near Princeton, on October 1, 1730. I call to God to witness that if any British troops are landed in the County of York, of which I am Lieutenant, I will wait no orders, but will summon the militia and drive the invaders into the sea!". Their son Richard Stockton became an eminent lawyer and prominent Federalist leader. Following the Jacobite victory at the Battle of Falkirk, he was briefly imprisoned at Doune Castle,[10] which had a long-term effect on his health. William J. Dr. John Witherspoon, President of Princetion University and a signer of the American Declaration of Independence. [1] John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748. Dr. Witherspoon enjoyed great success at the College of New Jersey. Daniel L. Dreisbach, Mark D. Hall, and Jeffry H. Morrison, 11672146. Stockton was six feet tall, with green eyes and a slender yet powerful build of an accomplished swordsman and horseman. Woods, David Walker. Eleven delegates were prosperous merchants, nine were wealthy farmers or landowners, and 24 were lawyers or judges. It took nearly two years to regain his health according to Dr. Richard Stockton was betrayed by a loyalist and seized by the British, who subjected him to beatings and starvation. In 1764, Stockton became the Grand Master of the first chartered Masonic lodge (St. Johns No 1) in Princeton, New Jersey. In this sense, the temporal principles of morality required a religious component which derived its authority from the spiritual. As one colleague reported, "He would lay aside the cloth to take revenge on them, I believe he would send them to the devil if he could." Penn Wharton School & America's Four United Republics Curriculum Occupation President of the College of New Jersey, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1156/john-witherspoon. Hancock is also reported to have said that "we must be unanimous. He is co-editor of the. Because of Stocktons poor health and the parole requiring him not to participate in the war effort he resigned from Congress. In 1774, he was appointed Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. Witherspoon Street, in: Princeton, New Jersey; Pomfret, John E.. '"Witherspoon, John" in. He also firmed up entrance requirements, which helped the school compete with Harvard and Yale for scholars. The militia commander was signer Thomas Nelson Jr., who noticed that the artillery gunners were shelling everything in the vicinity except his own stately brick mansion, which was being used as British headquarters. John Witherspoon Collection, 1765-1903 (mostly 1767-1790) C0274 SOME ONLINE CONTENT. For two generations his family had been Quakers, and it was his wish to be buried at the Stony Brook Meeting House Cemetery in Princeton. I'm researching for a member of his family. While there, on November 30, 1776, he and Covenhoven were captured in the middle of the night, dragged from their beds by loyalists, stripped of their property and marched to Perth Amboy and turned over to the British. He likely also would have been selected to the Constitutional Convention had he not been meeting simultaneously in Philadelphia to draw up a constitution for his own denomination, which paralleled the national document in a number of key respects. Richard Stocktons eldest son Richard became a New Jersey senator and Stocktons served in Congress for four generations. Coordinates: 40.35238 N, 74.66019 W. As the "Loudest Voice" for Independence, he is . He was hunted by soldiers and dogs and was forced to hide in the woods and caves of the Sourland Mountains during icy December weather. According to the petition, "paying such honor to someone who participated actively in the enslavement of human beings, and used his scholarly gifts to defend the practice, is today a distraction from . [John Witherspoon, Lectures on Moral Philosophy (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Even George Read of Delaware, who had voted against the Declaration on July 2nd, signed it, as did Robert Morris of Pennsylvania, who had stayed away from the session rather than vote no as he was formally instructed to do. Geni requires JavaScript! Trevor Colbourn (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1974) 181. John Witherspoon was born at Gifford, a parish of Yester, at East Lothian, Scotland, as the eldest child of the Reverend James Alexander Witherspoon and Anne Walker, a descendant of John Welsh of Ayr and John Knox. Students who later played prominent roles in the new nation's development included James Madison, Aaron Burr, Philip Freneau, William Bradford, and Hugh Henry Brackenridge. All his cattle, horses, hogs, sheep, grain and forage have been carried away by them. Lanham, Md. Username and password are case sensitive. [8] Later days and legacy. Declaration Timeline | Named after John Witherspoon, one of the signers of the United States Declaration of Independence, the . No 5,page 127Abstracts of the Council of Safety Minutes, State of New Jersey, 1777-1778, Hutchinson, Richard S., Heritage Books 2005,Letters of Delegates to Congress, Vol.6.Bill, Alfred Hoyt., A House Called Morven. View Transcript The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The former John Witherspoon Middle School, Princeton, New Jersey. Family. On July 1, 1776, Richard Stockton and his good friend Rev. Richard was a son of John Stockton (1701-1758) the wealthy Princeton landowner who donated land and helped bring what is now Princeton University (then known as the College of New Jersey located in Newark) to Princeton, New Jersey. His handsome features and highly polished manners made him very popular. On June 26th, this Livingston petitioned the New York Assembly so that he could leave the state convention and rejoin Congress in Philadelphia. Like Benedict Pictet (1655-1724), Witherspoon held firmly to the tenets of confessional Calvinism. Anna, the eldest daughter, married Reverend Samuel Smith on June 28, 1775. Born in Scotland, John lived there for the first half of his adult life, marrying and having children there, and becoming a Presbyterian minister. [11], On March 7, 1781, The New Jersey Gazette acknowledged his worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known.". This article was originally published in 2009. John Witherspoon (February 5, 1723 - November 15, 1794) was a Scottish-American Presbyterian minister, educator, farmer, slaveholder, and a Founding Father of the United States. [2] John Witherspoon, signer of the Declaration of Independence from New Jersey, was born at Yester, Scotland, 5 Feb. 1722. John Stockton married his cousin Abigail and assumed his wifes Presbyterian faith. Had you known the pleasure it would have communicated, I flatter myself, your diffidence would not have delayed it to this time. And Charles Carroll, a new delegate from Maryland and one of the wealthiest men in America, replied as he was asked by Hancock if he would sign: "Most willingly." General Washington ordered that the document be read to each Army brigade on July 9th, and he reported afterwards to Congress on "the expressions and behavior of officers and men testifying their warmest and approbation of it." Richard Stockton, was denuded of its library and furniture." New England was unanimously for independence. Please try again. In 1768, Stockton was elevated to a seat in the royal executive council of New Jersey; in 1774, he was placed on the bench of the Supreme Court. In 1969, the New Jersey Legislature passed legislation establishing a state college which was named after Stockton, to honor the memory of New Jersey's signer of the Declaration of Independence. Although Livingston later won the election by one vote, Stockton was unanimously elected to serve as the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, but he turned down that position to remain in the Congress. Although none of the Leaders, nor principal Instigators and Abettors of the Rebellion, thought fit to avail themselves of the opportunity given them to return to their Duty, we have some satisfaction in observing that so considerable a number of His Majesty's deluded Subjects, of inferior Rank, in those Provinces where the Proclamation could be expect to have Effect, were disposed to relinquish the unjust Cause they had been once induced to support. Located in Princeton, it promotes the application of fundamental principles of republican government and ordered liberty to contemporary problems through a variety of centers, research programs, seminars, consultations, and publications. BYU Law Review 2003 (2003): 891-940. Address: 11-15 Wiggins St Princeton, NJ 08542. John Witherspoon Witherspoon was opposed to the Jacobite rising of 1745-46. On his return to Princeton, he traveled 30 miles east to the home of a friend, John Covenhoven, to evacuate his family to safety, and away from the path of the British army. They traveled to Albany, Saratoga, Ticonderoga, and every facility necessary to implement their mission, aided by General Schuler, who commanded the northern army. He was attacked one night in Edinburgh by a desperate robber and defended himself skillfully with a small sword. Some had left Congress; others were away and had to sign later; and several new delegates had since been elected. Stockton was the first person from New Jersey to sign the Declaration of Independence. This claim is based on a private letter quoting a rumor spread by an enemy of Stockton. Witherspoon immediately declared "It is not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." As the member appointed for New Jersey, I laid the resolution before our Legislature then sitting at Princeton, and recommended to them the great importance of their approaching persons in every county. Although Witherspoon can be heavily credited in the expansion and progression of the University, his ownership ties to the enslavement of Black people in America have caused for an internal Princeton petition to the CPUC Committee on Naming at Princeton University and President Eisgruber for the removal of his statue that currently stands in Firestone Plaza on campus. Source: Independence Hall Association, Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Richard Stockton, 1730-1781 - http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/stockton.htm, In 1768, Stockton had his first taste of government service when he was appointed to the governing Council of New Jersey; he was later (1774) appointed to the New Jersey Supreme Court. in Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland , United Kingdom, Died on November 15, 1794 He voted in favor, and shortly after voted for the Declaration of Independence. My heart melts with compassion for my brave countrymen who are thus venturing their lives in the public service and yet so distressed. Witherspoon is not quite the hick she makes herself out to be, at least offscreen. SOURCE: Wikipedia, Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stockton_%28Continental_Congre Caesar Rodney was weary when he reached his plantation near Dover on the night of July 1, 1776. The males in his family were all clergymen, and he was trained to become a Presbyterian minister. Paintings of Richard Stockton, George Washington and Elias Boudinot hang in Nassau Hall to this day. Her health broke during captivity and Mrs. Lewis died shortly after being released in a 1778 prisoner exchange. of Serle, 176-177, 178-179, 180, 186: John Shuttleworth to (Walter Spencer) Stanhope, June 29, (i.e., Jan. 29), 1777, Sterling, Annals of a Yorkshire House, II, 21: Henry Laurens to John Laurens, Feb. 3, 1777, C.O.5/40; the Howes to Germain, March 25, 1777, and (enclosed therein) declarations subscribed as a result of the proclamation of Nov. 30, 1777, C.O. He is one of only six signers to be honored. Feb 5 1723 - East Lothian, Ecosse, Royaume-Uni, Nov 15 1794 - Princeton, Comt De Mercer, New Jersey, tats-Unis, Princeton Cemetery, Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Feb 5 1722 - Gifford, East, Lothian, Scotland, Nov 15 1794 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, Scottish-American Presbyterian Minister And A Founding Father Of The United States, Manse Of Yester, Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, Princeton Cemetery, Princeton, New Jersey. Witherspoon became the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. The Second Continental Congress had constituted itself a provisional government and began making preparations for war with Britain, including the creation of a Continental Army under General George Washington. In John Trumbull's famous painting Declaration of Independence, Witherspoon is among those shown in the background facing the large table, the second seated figure from the viewer's right. Williamsburg, Virginia, Omohundro Institute of American History and Culture and Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017. Herbert Foster has identified five points of political Calvinism that appear to apply to Witherspoon: fundamental law, natural rights, contract and consent of people, popular sovereignty, resistance to tyranny through responsible representatives (Quoted in Morrison 2005: 81). At age 68, he married a 24-year-old widow, with whom he had two more children. In 1757, he wed Annis Boudinot, built their home Morven, and later had two sons and four daughters. Tyranny, like Hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.". The signers were public spirited and patriotic citizens who had for years been important in the affairs of their local communities and governments. Committees of Correspondence were organized in 1772 to exchange information among the colonies and mold public opnion in the developing struggle. In the months before and after the Declaration of Independence, several states were working on their own constitutions, including New York. Dreading the possibility of war, on December 12, 1774; he drew up and sent to Lord Dartmouth, Secretary for the Colonies An Expedient for the Settlement of the American Disputes, a plan for self-government of America, independent of Parliament but owing allegiance to the Crown. Elias Boudinot served his country in many positions during the difficult times of the American Revolution. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey, Born on February 05, 1723 In the days that followed, copies of the Declaration of Independence was posted throughout the 13 states and read in public places. 03.12('53) DVD The British considered his college to be a "seminary of sedition." From "Witherspoon Family History" by Evelyn Potter Park: John migrated [from Scotland] to Ireland at an early age and from there came to America in 1790. Richard Stocktons grandson Commodore Robert Field Stockton conquered California, became its first military governor in 1846, and in 1851 served as a Senator from New Jersey. Like his father, John Stockton a founder of the College and trustee, Richard served as a trustee of the College of New Jersey for 24 years, as would his eldest son Richard. John Witherspoon (1723-1794)John Witherspoon was the only active clergyman among the signers of the Declaration of Independence. This address, from a person of your refined taste and elegance of expression, affords a pleasure beyond my powers of utterance, and I have only to lament that the hero of your pastoral is not more deserving of your pen; but the circumstance shall be placed among the happiest events of my life. Stockton became an eminent Lawyer with one of the largest practices in the colonies. John Witherspoon was an American Founding Father, a noted clergyman, and an educator.He played an influential role in his home country of Scotland and in his adopted country, the United States.Witherspoon was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of . He signed the Declaration of Independence, and was a leader in Pennsylvania's ratification of the Constitution in 1788. In the famous painting The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, Richard Stockton is standing on the far left side of the painting the third figure from the left. "Let my trade perish. [1] The day Stockton was captured, General William Howe had written a Proclamation offering protection papers and a full and free pardon to those willing to remain in peaceable obedience to the King. He is certainly the cleverest man I have yet seen from America. In London he attended the Queens birthday ball and was presented to King George III, later he had the honor of giving a speech to the King acknowledging the repeal of the Stamp Act and the King was impressed by Stockton. There is absolutely no proof this occurred. The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (accessed Jan 18, 2023). Father of Anne Witherspoon Smith; John William Witherspoon; Christian Witherspoon; James Witherspoon; Robert Witherspoon and 8 others; Barbara Witherspoon; John Knox Witherspoon, Jr.; Frances Ramsay; George Witherspoon; Infant Witherspoon; David Witherspoon; Mary Anne Woods and Frances Witherspoon less According to John Witherspoon, he arrived on or before July 3rd. Dr. Witherspoon was born in Georgia and served as a lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve. Parades and demonstrations, patriotic observances and celebrations, were held across the states. At the College of New Jersey, Witherspoon revised the moral philosophy curriculum, strengthened the college's commitment to natural philosophy, and positioned Princeton in the larger transatlantic world of the republic of letters. He was awarded a Doctorate of Divinity from the University of St Andrews, Fife. The passage of the Stamp Act of 1765 had infuriated many wealthy and influential colonists, and was responsible for beginning the storm that settled over that historic assembly in Philadelphia in July 1776. He resigned his royal appointments and New Jersey elected him to the Continental Congress in June 1776. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. (Clergyman, Author, Educator). Richard was born at the Stockton family home now known as Morven in the Stony Brook neighborhood of Princeton, New Jersey, attended Samuel Finley's academy at Nottingham, which later became West Nottingham Academy, and the College of New Jersey located in Newark, graduating in 1748. John Witherspoon, (born Feb. 15, 1723, [Feb. 5, 1722, old style], Gifford, East Lothian, Scot.died Nov. 15, 1794, Tusculum, N.J., U.S.), Scottish-American Presbyterian minister and president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University); he was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. That August, when elections were held for the state governments of the new nation, Stockton and William Livingston each received the same number of votes to be the Governor of New Jersey on the first ballot. 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Nine died of wounds or hardships during the war. It was a storm which had been building for more than a decade as the British Parliament and King George III imposed one oppressive measure after another on the colonies, increasing their taxes and decreasing their freedoms. At once he began fund-raising, added three hundred of his own books to the library, and began the purchase of scientific equipment, including the Rittenhouse orrery, many maps and a "terrestial" globe. The papers of John Witherspoon include correspondence between and Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Benjamin Rush, Richard Stockton, and others, concerning his acceptance of the presidency of the College of New Jersey and his fundraising visit to Great Britain (1784); ms. biography of Witherspoon by Ashbel Green (1762-1848); and annotated copy of Thomas Crichton's . By invitation he spent a week at the country estate of the Marquis of Rockingham and was entertained by the Earl of Chatham, the Earl of Chesterfield and other distinguished members of Parliament friendly to the American Colonies. She became a professor of nursing at Vanderbilt University. It took only a few minutes to complete the signing, and it was agreed not to make the signatures public for six months to give the signers and their families as much time as possible to secure themselves against certain reprisals. Amidst all the compliments which have been made on this occasion, be assured, madam, that the agreeable manner, and the very pleasing sentiments in which yours is conveyed, have affected my mind with the most lively sensations of joy and satisfaction. [15] Thus, Witherspoon and his family emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. Yet he so conducted himself that Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania said of Morris that "every attachment of his heart yielded to his love of his country.". Stockton was an active and influential member of Congress. His most prominent students were Aaron Burr and James Madison. Annis and her brothers attended Franklins Academy. John and Elizabeth had at least nine children: Dr. Witherspoon was married to his first wife. There were no negative votes among the five southernmost colonies (South Carolina went along for the sake of unity), and when the roll had been completed 12 colonies had voted in favor of separation from Britain, with only New York abstaining. John Witherspoon: A Sermon Occasioned by His Death (1802), The History and Genealogy of the Witherspoon Family by Joseph Bailey Witherspoon, Protected Profile addition - Signers Declaration of Indepence, Patriotic Service, New Jersey, American Revolution, Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence. Reese father earned his living as a surgeon and her mother was a college professor. 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